// Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
// Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.

define([
    'jquery',
    'codemirror/lib/codemirror',
    'moment',
    'underscore',
    // silently upgrades CodeMirror
    'codemirror/mode/meta',
], function($, CodeMirror, moment, _){
    "use strict";
    
    // keep track of which extensions have been loaded already
    var extensions_loaded = [];

    /**
     * Whether or not an extension has been loaded
     * @param  {string} extension - name of the extension
     * @return {boolean}            true if loaded already
     */
    var is_loaded = function(extension) {
        var ext_path = "nbextensions/" + extension;
        return extensions_loaded.indexOf(ext_path) >= 0;
    };

    /**
     * Load a single extension.
     * @param  {string} extension - extension path.
     * @return {Promise} that resolves to an extension module handle
     */
    var load_extension = function (extension) {
        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
            var ext_path = "nbextensions/" + extension;
            requirejs([ext_path], function(module) {
                if (!is_loaded(extension)) {
                    console.log("Loading extension: " + extension);
                    if (module && module.load_ipython_extension) {
                        Promise.resolve(module.load_ipython_extension()).then(function() {
                            resolve(module);
                        }).catch(reject);
                    }
                    extensions_loaded.push(ext_path);
                } else {
                    console.log("Loaded extension already: " + extension);
                    resolve(module);
                }
            }, function(err) {
                reject(err);
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     * Load multiple extensions.
     * Takes n-args, where each arg is a string path to the extension.
     * @return {Promise} that resolves to a list of loaded module handles.
     */
    var load_extensions = function () {
        console.log('load_extensions', arguments);
        return Promise.all(Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, load_extension)).catch(function(err) {
            console.error("Failed to load extension" + (err.requireModules.length>1?'s':'') + ":", err.requireModules, err);
        });
    };

    /**
     * Return a list of extensions that should be active
     * The config for nbextensions comes in as a dict where keys are
     * nbextensions paths and the values are a bool indicating if it
     * should be active. This returns a list of nbextension paths
     * where the value is true
     */
    function filter_extensions(nbext_config) {
        var active = [];
        Object.keys(nbext_config).forEach(function (nbext) {
            if (nbext_config[nbext]) {active.push(nbext);}
        });
        return active;
    }

    /**
     * Wait for a config section to load, and then load the extensions specified
     * in a 'load_extensions' key inside it.
     */
    function load_extensions_from_config(section) {
        return section.loaded.then(function() {
            if (section.data.load_extensions) {
                var active = filter_extensions(section.data.load_extensions);
                return load_extensions.apply(this, active);
            }
        }).catch(utils.reject('Could not load nbextensions from ' + section.section_name + ' config file'));
    }

    //============================================================================
    // Cross-browser RegEx Split
    //============================================================================

    // This code has been MODIFIED from the code licensed below to not replace the
    // default browser split.  The license is reproduced here.

    // see http://blog.stevenlevithan.com/archives/cross-browser-split for more info:
    /*!
     * Cross-Browser Split 1.1.1
     * Copyright 2007-2012 Steven Levithan <stevenlevithan.com>
     * Available under the MIT License
     * ECMAScript compliant, uniform cross-browser split method
     */

    /**
     * Splits a string into an array of strings using a regex or string
     * separator. Matches of the separator are not included in the result array.
     * However, if `separator` is a regex that contains capturing groups,
     * backreferences are spliced into the result each time `separator` is
     * matched. Fixes browser bugs compared to the native
     * `String.prototype.split` and can be used reliably cross-browser.
     * @param {String} str String to split.
     * @param {RegExp} separator Regex to use for separating
     *     the string.
     * @param {Number} [limit] Maximum number of items to include in the result
     *     array.
     * @returns {Array} Array of substrings.
     * @example
     *
     * // Basic use
     * regex_split('a b c d', ' ');
     * // -> ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
     *
     * // With limit
     * regex_split('a b c d', ' ', 2);
     * // -> ['a', 'b']
     *
     * // Backreferences in result array
     * regex_split('..word1 word2..', /([a-z]+)(\d+)/i);
     * // -> ['..', 'word', '1', ' ', 'word', '2', '..']
     */
    var regex_split = function (str, separator, limit) {
        var output = [],
            flags = (separator.ignoreCase ? "i" : "") +
                    (separator.multiline  ? "m" : "") +
                    (separator.extended   ? "x" : "") + // Proposed for ES6
                    (separator.sticky     ? "y" : ""), // Firefox 3+
            lastLastIndex = 0,
            separator2, match, lastIndex, lastLength;
        // Make `global` and avoid `lastIndex` issues by working with a copy
        separator = new RegExp(separator.source, flags + "g");

        var compliantExecNpcg = typeof(/()??/.exec("")[1]) === "undefined";
        if (!compliantExecNpcg) {
            // Doesn't need flags gy, but they don't hurt
            separator2 = new RegExp("^" + separator.source + "$(?!\\s)", flags);
        }
        /* Values for `limit`, per the spec:
         * If undefined: 4294967295 // Math.pow(2, 32) - 1
         * If 0, Infinity, or NaN: 0
         * If positive number: limit = Math.floor(limit); if (limit > 4294967295) limit -= 4294967296;
         * If negative number: 4294967296 - Math.floor(Math.abs(limit))
         * If other: Type-convert, then use the above rules
         */
        limit = typeof(limit) === "undefined" ?
            -1 >>> 0 : // Math.pow(2, 32) - 1
            limit >>> 0; // ToUint32(limit)
        for (match = separator.exec(str); match; match = separator.exec(str)) {
            // `separator.lastIndex` is not reliable cross-browser
            lastIndex = match.index + match[0].length;
            if (lastIndex > lastLastIndex) {
                output.push(str.slice(lastLastIndex, match.index));
                // Fix browsers whose `exec` methods don't consistently return `undefined` for
                // nonparticipating capturing groups
                if (!compliantExecNpcg && match.length > 1) {
                    match[0].replace(separator2, function () {
                        for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length - 2; i++) {
                            if (typeof(arguments[i]) === "undefined") {
                                match[i] = undefined;
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (match.length > 1 && match.index < str.length) {
                    Array.prototype.push.apply(output, match.slice(1));
                }
                lastLength = match[0].length;
                lastLastIndex = lastIndex;
                if (output.length >= limit) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (separator.lastIndex === match.index) {
                separator.lastIndex++; // Avoid an infinite loop
            }
        }
        if (lastLastIndex === str.length) {
            if (lastLength || !separator.test("")) {
                output.push("");
            }
        } else {
            output.push(str.slice(lastLastIndex));
        }
        return output.length > limit ? output.slice(0, limit) : output;
    };

    //============================================================================
    // End contributed Cross-browser RegEx Split
    //============================================================================


    var uuid = function () {
        /**
         * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt
         */
        var s = [];
        var hexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEF";
        for (var i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            s[i] = hexDigits.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x10), 1);
        }
        s[12] = "4";  // bits 12-15 of the time_hi_and_version field to 0010
        s[16] = hexDigits.substr((s[16] & 0x3) | 0x8, 1);  // bits 6-7 of the clock_seq_hi_and_reserved to 01

        var uuid = s.join("");
        return uuid;
    };

    var _ANSI_COLORS = [
        "ansi-black",
        "ansi-red",
        "ansi-green",
        "ansi-yellow",
        "ansi-blue",
        "ansi-magenta",
        "ansi-cyan",
        "ansi-white",
        "ansi-black-intense",
        "ansi-red-intense",
        "ansi-green-intense",
        "ansi-yellow-intense",
        "ansi-blue-intense",
        "ansi-magenta-intense",
        "ansi-cyan-intense",
        "ansi-white-intense",
    ];
    
    function _getExtendedColors(numbers) {
        var r, g, b;
        var n = numbers.shift();
        if (n === 2 && numbers.length >= 3) {
            // 24-bit RGB
            r = numbers.shift();
            g = numbers.shift();
            b = numbers.shift();
            if ([r, g, b].some(function (c) { return c < 0 || 255 < c; })) {
                throw new RangeError("Invalid range for RGB colors");
            }
        } else if (n === 5 && numbers.length >= 1) {
            // 256 colors
            var idx = numbers.shift();
            if (idx < 0) {
                throw new RangeError("Color index must be >= 0");
            } else if (idx < 16) {
                // 16 default terminal colors
                return idx;
            } else if (idx < 232) {
                // 6x6x6 color cube, see http://stackoverflow.com/a/27165165/500098
                r = Math.floor((idx - 16) / 36);
                r = r > 0 ? 55 + r * 40 : 0;
                g = Math.floor(((idx - 16) % 36) / 6);
                g = g > 0 ? 55 + g * 40 : 0;
                b = (idx - 16) % 6;
                b = b > 0 ? 55 + b * 40 : 0;
            } else if (idx < 256) {
                // grayscale, see http://stackoverflow.com/a/27165165/500098
                r = g = b = (idx - 232) * 10 + 8;
            } else {
                throw new RangeError("Color index must be < 256");
            }
        } else {
            throw new RangeError("Invalid extended color specification");
        }
        return [r, g, b];
    }

    function _ansispan(str) {
        var ansi_re = /\x1b\[(.*?)([@-~])/g;
        var fg = [];
        var bg = [];
        var bold = false;
        var underline = false;
        var inverse = false;
        var match;
        var out = [];
        var numbers = [];
        var start = 0;

        str += "\x1b[m";  // Ensure markup for trailing text
        while ((match = ansi_re.exec(str))) {
            if (match[2] === "m") {
                var items = match[1].split(";");
                for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
                    var item = items[i];
                    if (item === "") {
                        numbers.push(0);
                    } else if (item.search(/^\d+$/) !== -1) {
                        numbers.push(parseInt(item));
                    } else {
                        // Ignored: Invalid color specification
                        numbers.length = 0;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // Ignored: Not a color code
            }
            var chunk = str.substring(start, match.index);
            if (chunk) {
                if (bold && typeof fg === "number" && 0 <= fg && fg < 8) {
                    fg += 8;  // Bold text uses "intense" colors
                }
                var classes = [];
                var styles = [];

                if (typeof fg === "number") {
                    classes.push(_ANSI_COLORS[fg] + "-fg");
                } else if (fg.length) {
                    styles.push("color: rgb(" + fg + ")");
                }

                if (typeof bg === "number") {
                    classes.push(_ANSI_COLORS[bg] + "-bg");
                } else if (bg.length) {
                    styles.push("background-color: rgb(" + bg + ")");
                }

                if (bold) {
                    classes.push("ansi-bold");
                }

                if (underline) {
                    classes.push("ansi-underline");
                }

                if (inverse) {
                    classes.push("ansi-inverse");
                }

                if (classes.length || styles.length) {
                    out.push("<span");
                    if (classes.length) {
                        out.push(' class="' + classes.join(" ") + '"');
                    }
                    if (styles.length) {
                        out.push(' style="' + styles.join("; ") + '"');
                    }
                    out.push(">");
                    out.push(chunk);
                    out.push("</span>");
                } else {
                    out.push(chunk);
                }
            }
            start = ansi_re.lastIndex;

            while (numbers.length) {
                var n = numbers.shift();
                switch (n) {
                    case 0:
                        fg = bg = [];
                        bold = false;
                        underline = false;
                        inverse = false;
                        break;
                    case 1:
                    case 5:
                        bold = true;
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        underline = true;
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        inverse = true;
                        break;
                    case 21:
                    case 22:
                        bold = false;
                        break;
                    case 30:
                    case 31:
                    case 32:
                    case 33:
                    case 34:
                    case 35:
                    case 36:
                    case 37:
                        fg = n - 30;
                        break;
                    case 38:
                        try {
                            fg = _getExtendedColors(numbers);
                        } catch(e) {
                            numbers.length = 0;
                        }
                        break;
                    case 39:
                        fg = [];
                        break;
                    case 40:
                    case 41:
                    case 42:
                    case 43:
                    case 44:
                    case 45:
                    case 46:
                    case 47:
                        bg = n - 40;
                        break;
                    case 48:
                        try {
                            bg = _getExtendedColors(numbers);
                        } catch(e) {
                            numbers.length = 0;
                        }
                        break;
                    case 49:
                        bg = [];
                        break;
		    case 90:
		    case 91:
		    case 92:
		    case 93:
		    case 94:
		    case 95:
		    case 96:
		    case 97:
			fg = n - 90 + 8;
                        break;
		    case 100:
		    case 101:
		    case 102:
		    case 103:
		    case 104:
		    case 105:
		    case 106:
		    case 107:
			bg = n - 100 + 8;
                        break;
                    default:
                        // Unknown codes are ignored
                }
            }
        }
        return out.join("");
    }

    // Transform ANSI color escape codes into HTML <span> tags with CSS
    // classes such as "ansi-green-intense-fg".
    // The actual colors used are set in the CSS file.
    // This is supposed to have the same behavior as nbconvert.filters.ansi2html()
    function fixConsole(txt) {
        txt = _.escape(txt);

        // color ansi codes (and remove non-color escape sequences)
        txt = _ansispan(txt);
        return txt;
    }

    // Remove chunks that should be overridden by the effect of
    // carriage return characters
    function fixCarriageReturn(txt) {
        txt = txt.replace(/\r+\n/gm, '\n'); // \r followed by \n --> newline
        while (txt.search(/\r[^$]/g) > -1) {
            var base = txt.match(/^(.*)\r+/m)[1];
            var insert = txt.match(/\r+(.*)$/m)[1];
            insert = insert + base.slice(insert.length, base.length);
            txt = txt.replace(/\r+.*$/m, '\r').replace(/^.*\r/m, insert);
        }
        return txt;
    }

    // Remove characters that are overridden by backspace characters
    function fixBackspace(txt) {
        var tmp = txt;
        do {
            txt = tmp;
            // Cancel out anything-but-newline followed by backspace
            tmp = txt.replace(/[^\n]\x08/gm, '');
        } while (tmp.length < txt.length);
        return txt;
    }

    // Remove characters overridden by backspace and carriage return
    function fixOverwrittenChars(txt) {
        return fixCarriageReturn(fixBackspace(txt));
    }

    // Locate any URLs and convert them to a anchor tag
    function autoLinkUrls(txt) {
        return txt.replace(/(^|\s)(https?|ftp)(:[^'"<>\s]+)/gi,
            "$1<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"$2$3\">$2$3</a>");
    }

    var points_to_pixels = function (points) {
        /**
         * A reasonably good way of converting between points and pixels.
         */
        var test = $('<div style="display: none; width: 10000pt; padding:0; border:0;"></div>');
        $('body').append(test);
        var pixel_per_point = test.width()/10000;
        test.remove();
        return Math.floor(points*pixel_per_point);
    };
    
    var always_new = function (constructor) {
        /**
         * wrapper around contructor to avoid requiring `var a = new constructor()`
         * useful for passing constructors as callbacks,
         * not for programmer laziness.
         * from http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/118798
         */
        return function () {
            var obj = Object.create(constructor.prototype);
            constructor.apply(obj, arguments);
            return obj;
        };
    };

    var url_path_join = function () {
        /**
         * join a sequence of url components with '/'
         */
        var url = '';
        for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
            if (arguments[i] === '') {
                continue;
            }
            if (url.length > 0 && url[url.length-1] != '/') {
                url = url + '/' + arguments[i];
            } else {
                url = url + arguments[i];
            }
        }
        url = url.replace(/\/\/+/, '/');
        return url;
    };
    
    var url_path_split = function (path) {
        /**
         * Like os.path.split for URLs.
         * Always returns two strings, the directory path and the base filename
         */
        
        var idx = path.lastIndexOf('/');
        if (idx === -1) {
            return ['', path];
        } else {
            return [ path.slice(0, idx), path.slice(idx + 1) ];
        }
    };
    
    var parse_url = function (url) {
        /**
         * an `a` element with an href allows attr-access to the parsed segments of a URL
         * a = parse_url("http://localhost:8888/path/name#hash")
         * a.protocol = "http:"
         * a.host     = "localhost:8888"
         * a.hostname = "localhost"
         * a.port     = 8888
         * a.pathname = "/path/name"
         * a.hash     = "#hash"
         */
        var a = document.createElement("a");
        a.href = url;
        return a;
    };
    
    var encode_uri_components = function (uri) {
        /**
         * encode just the components of a multi-segment uri,
         * leaving '/' separators
         */
        return uri.split('/').map(encodeURIComponent).join('/');
    };
    
    var url_join_encode = function () {
        /**
         * join a sequence of url components with '/',
         * encoding each component with encodeURIComponent
         */
        return encode_uri_components(url_path_join.apply(null, arguments));
    };


    var splitext = function (filename) {
        /**
         * mimic Python os.path.splitext
         * Returns ['base', '.ext']
         */
        var idx = filename.lastIndexOf('.');
        if (idx > 0) {
            return [filename.slice(0, idx), filename.slice(idx)];
        } else {
            return [filename, ''];
        }
    };


    var escape_html = function (text) {
        /**
         * escape text to HTML
         */
        return $("<div/>").text(text).html();
    };


    var get_body_data = function(key) {
        /**
         * get a url-encoded item from body.data and decode it
         * we should never have any encoded URLs anywhere else in code
         * until we are building an actual request
         */
        var val = $('body').data(key);
        if (!val)
            return val;
        return decodeURIComponent(val);
    };
    
    var to_absolute_cursor_pos = function (cm, cursor) {
        console.warn('`utils.to_absolute_cursor_pos(cm, pos)` is deprecated. Use `cm.indexFromPos(cursor)`');
        return cm.indexFromPos(cursor);
    };
    
    var from_absolute_cursor_pos = function (cm, cursor_pos) {
        console.warn('`utils.from_absolute_cursor_pos(cm, pos)` is deprecated. Use `cm.posFromIndex(index)`');
        return cm.posFromIndex(cursor_pos);
    };
    
    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2400935/browser-detection-in-javascript
    var browser = (function() {
        if (typeof navigator === 'undefined') {
            // navigator undefined in node
            return 'None';
        }
        var N= navigator.appName, ua= navigator.userAgent, tem;
        var M= ua.match(/(opera|chrome|safari|firefox|msie)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);
        if (M && (tem= ua.match(/version\/([\.\d]+)/i)) !== null) M[2]= tem[1];
        M= M? [M[1], M[2]]: [N, navigator.appVersion,'-?'];
        return M;
    })();

    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11219582/how-to-detect-my-browser-version-and-operating-system-using-javascript
    var platform = (function () {
        if (typeof navigator === 'undefined') {
            // navigator undefined in node
            return 'None';
        }
        var OSName="None";
        if (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Win")!=-1) OSName="Windows";
        if (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Mac")!=-1) OSName="MacOS";
        if (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("X11")!=-1) OSName="UNIX";
        if (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Linux")!=-1) OSName="Linux";
        return OSName;
    })();
    
    var get_url_param = function (name) {
        // get a URL parameter. I cannot believe we actually need this.
        // Based on http://stackoverflow.com/a/25359264/938949
        var match = new RegExp('[?&]' + name + '=([^&]*)').exec(window.location.search);
        if (match){
            return decodeURIComponent(match[1] || '');
        }
    };
    
    var is_or_has = function (a, b) {
        /**
         * Is b a child of a or a itself?
         */
        return a.has(b).length !==0 || a.is(b);
    };

    var is_focused = function (e) {
        /**
         * Is element e, or one of its children focused?
         */
        e = $(e);
        var target = $(document.activeElement);
        if (target.length > 0) {
            if (is_or_has(e, target)) {
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    };
    
    var mergeopt = function(_class, options, overwrite){
        options = options || {};
        overwrite = overwrite || {};
        return $.extend(true, {}, _class.options_default, options, overwrite);
    };
    
    var ajax_error_msg = function (jqXHR) {
        /**
         * Return a JSON error message if there is one,
         * otherwise the basic HTTP status text.
         */
        if (jqXHR.responseJSON && jqXHR.responseJSON.traceback) {
            return jqXHR.responseJSON.traceback;
        } else if (jqXHR.responseJSON && jqXHR.responseJSON.message) {
            return jqXHR.responseJSON.message;
        } else {
            return jqXHR.statusText;
        }
    };
    var log_ajax_error = function (jqXHR, status, error) {
        /**
         * log ajax failures with informative messages
         */
        var msg = "API request failed (" + jqXHR.status + "): ";
        console.log(jqXHR);
        msg += ajax_error_msg(jqXHR);
        console.log(msg);
    };

    var requireCodeMirrorMode = function (mode, callback, errback) {
        /** 
         * find a predefined mode or detect from CM metadata then
         * require and callback with the resolveable mode string: mime or
         * custom name
         */

        var modename = (typeof mode == "string") ? mode :
            mode.mode || mode.name;

        // simplest, cheapest check by mode name: mode may also have config
        if (CodeMirror.modes.hasOwnProperty(modename)) {
            // return the full mode object, if it has a name
            callback(mode.name ? mode : modename);
            return;
        }

        // *somehow* get back a CM.modeInfo-like object that has .mode and
        // .mime
        var info = (mode && mode.mode && mode.mime && mode) ||
            CodeMirror.findModeByName(modename) ||
            CodeMirror.findModeByExtension(modename.split(".").slice(-1)) ||
            CodeMirror.findModeByMIME(modename) ||
            {mode: modename, mime: modename};

        requirejs([
                // might want to use CodeMirror.modeURL here
                ['codemirror/mode', info.mode, info.mode].join('/'),
            ], function() {
              // return the original mode, as from a kernelspec on first load
              // or the mimetype, as for most highlighting
              callback(mode.name ? mode : info.mime);
            }, errback
        );
    };
    
    /** Error type for wrapped XHR errors. */
    var XHR_ERROR = 'XhrError';
    
    /**
     * Wraps an AJAX error as an Error object.
     */
    var wrap_ajax_error = function (jqXHR, status, error) {
        var wrapped_error = new Error(ajax_error_msg(jqXHR));
        wrapped_error.name =  XHR_ERROR;
        // provide xhr response
        wrapped_error.xhr = jqXHR;
        wrapped_error.xhr_status = status;
        wrapped_error.xhr_error = error;
        return wrapped_error;
    };
    
    var ajax = function (url, settings) {
        // like $.ajax, but ensure XSRF or Authorization header is set
        if (typeof url === "object") {
            // called with single argument: $.ajax({url: '...'})
            settings = url;
            url = settings.url;
            delete settings.url;
        }
        settings = _add_auth_header(settings);
        return $.ajax(url, settings);
    };
    
    var _get_cookie = function (name) {
        // from tornado docs: http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/guide/security.html
        var r = document.cookie.match("\\b" + name + "=([^;]*)\\b");
        return r ? r[1] : undefined;
    }

    var _add_auth_header = function (settings) {
        /**
         * Adds auth header to jquery ajax settings
         */
        settings = settings || {};
        if (!settings.headers) {
            settings.headers = {};
        }
        if (!settings.headers.Authorization) {
            var xsrf_token = _get_cookie('_xsrf');
            if (xsrf_token) {
                settings.headers['X-XSRFToken'] = xsrf_token;
            }
        }
        return settings;
    };

    var promising_ajax = function(url, settings) {
        /**
         * Like $.ajax, but returning an ES6 promise. success and error settings
         * will be ignored.
         */
        settings = settings || {};
        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
            settings.success = function(data, status, jqXHR) {
                resolve(data);
            };
            settings.error = function(jqXHR, status, error) {
                log_ajax_error(jqXHR, status, error);
                reject(wrap_ajax_error(jqXHR, status, error));
            };
            ajax(url, settings);
        });
    };

    var WrappedError = function(message, error){
        /**
         * Wrappable Error class
         *
         * The Error class doesn't actually act on `this`.  Instead it always
         * returns a new instance of Error.  Here we capture that instance so we
         * can apply it's properties to `this`.
         */
        var tmp = Error.apply(this, [message]);

        // Copy the properties of the error over to this.
        var properties = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(tmp);
        for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
            this[properties[i]] = tmp[properties[i]];
        }

        // Keep a stack of the original error messages.
        if (error instanceof WrappedError) {
            this.error_stack = error.error_stack;
        } else {
            this.error_stack = [error];
        }
        this.error_stack.push(tmp);

        return this;
    };

    WrappedError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {});


    var load_class = function(class_name, module_name, registry) {
        /**
         * Tries to load a class
         *
         * Tries to load a class from a module using require.js, if a module 
         * is specified, otherwise tries to load a class from the global 
         * registry, if the global registry is provided.
         */
        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {

            // Try loading the view module using require.js
            if (module_name) {
                requirejs([module_name], function(module) {
                    if (module[class_name] === undefined) {
                        reject(new Error('Class '+class_name+' not found in module '+module_name));
                    } else {
                        resolve(module[class_name]);
                    }
                }, reject);
            } else {
                if (registry && registry[class_name]) {
                    resolve(registry[class_name]);
                } else {
                    reject(new Error('Class '+class_name+' not found in registry '));
                }
            }
        });
    };

    var resolve_promises_dict = function(d) {
        /**
         * Resolve a promiseful dictionary.
         * Returns a single Promise.
         */
        var keys = Object.keys(d);
        var values = [];
        keys.forEach(function(key) {
            values.push(d[key]);
        });
        return Promise.all(values).then(function(v) {
            d = {};
            for(var i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
                d[keys[i]] = v[i];
            }
            return d;
        });
    };

    var reject = function(message, log) {
        /**
         * Creates a wrappable Promise rejection function.
         * 
         * Creates a function that returns a Promise.reject with a new WrappedError
         * that has the provided message and wraps the original error that 
         * caused the promise to reject.
         */
        return function(error) { 
            var wrapped_error = new WrappedError(message, error);
            if (log) {
                console.error(message, " -- ", error);
            }
            return Promise.reject(wrapped_error); 
        };
    };

    var typeset = function(element, text) {
        /**
         * Apply MathJax rendering to an element, and optionally set its text
         *
         * If MathJax is not available, make no changes.
         *
         * Returns the output any number of typeset elements, or undefined if
         * MathJax was not available.
         *
         * Parameters
         * ----------
         * element: Node, NodeList, or jQuery selection
         * text: option string
         */
        var $el = element.jquery ? element : $(element);
        if(arguments.length > 1){
            $el.text(text);
        }
        if(!window.MathJax){
            return;
        }
        return $el.map(function(){
            // MathJax takes a DOM node: $.map makes `this` the context
            return MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, this]);
        });
    };

    var parse_b64_data_uri = function(uri) {
        /**
         * Parses a base64 encoded data-uri to extract mimetype and the
         * base64 string.
         *
         * For example, given '', it will return
         * ["image/png", "iVBORw"]
         *
         * Parameters
         */
        // For performance reasons, the non-greedy ? qualifiers are crucial so
        // that the matcher stops early on big blobs. Without them, it will try
        // to match the whole blob which can take ages
        var regex = /^data:(.+?\/.+?);base64,/;
        var matches = uri.match(regex);
        var mime = matches[1];
        // matches[0] contains the whole data-uri prefix
        var b64_data = uri.slice(matches[0].length);
        return [mime, b64_data];
    };
    
    var time = {};
    time.milliseconds = {};
    time.milliseconds.s = 1000;
    time.milliseconds.m = 60 * time.milliseconds.s;
    time.milliseconds.h = 60 * time.milliseconds.m;
    time.milliseconds.d = 24 * time.milliseconds.h;
    
    time.thresholds = {
        // moment.js thresholds in milliseconds
        s: moment.relativeTimeThreshold('s') * time.milliseconds.s,
        m: moment.relativeTimeThreshold('m') * time.milliseconds.m,
        h: moment.relativeTimeThreshold('h') * time.milliseconds.h,
        d: moment.relativeTimeThreshold('d') * time.milliseconds.d,
    };
    
    time.timeout_from_dt = function (dt) {
        /** compute a timeout based on dt
        
        input and output both in milliseconds
        
        use moment's relative time thresholds:
        
        - 10 seconds if in 'seconds ago' territory
        - 1 minute if in 'minutes ago'
        - 1 hour otherwise
        */
        if (dt < time.thresholds.s) {
            return 10 * time.milliseconds.s;
        } else if (dt < time.thresholds.m) {
            return time.milliseconds.m;
        } else {
            return time.milliseconds.h;
        }
    };

    var format_datetime = function(date) {
        var text = moment(date).fromNow();
        return text === 'a few seconds ago' ? 'seconds ago' : text;
    };

    var datetime_sort_helper = function(a, b, order) {
        if (moment(a).isBefore(moment(b))) {
            return (order == 1) ? -1 : 1;
        } else if (moment(a).isSame(moment(b))) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            return (order == 1) ? 1 : -1;
        }
    };


    // javascript stores text as utf16 and string indices use "code units",
    // which stores high-codepoint characters as "surrogate pairs",
    // which occupy two indices in the javascript string.
    // We need to translate cursor_pos in the protocol (in characters)
    // to js offset (with surrogate pairs taking two spots).
    function js_idx_to_char_idx (js_idx, text) {
        var char_idx = js_idx;
        for (var i = 0; i + 1 < text.length && i < js_idx; i++) {
            var char_code = text.charCodeAt(i);
            // check for surrogate pair
            if (char_code >= 0xD800 && char_code <= 0xDBFF) {
                var next_char_code = text.charCodeAt(i+1);
                if (next_char_code >= 0xDC00 && next_char_code <= 0xDFFF) {
                    char_idx--;
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
        return char_idx;
    }

    function char_idx_to_js_idx (char_idx, text) {
        var js_idx = char_idx;
        for (var i = 0; i + 1 < text.length && i < js_idx; i++) {
            var char_code = text.charCodeAt(i);
            // check for surrogate pair
            if (char_code >= 0xD800 && char_code <= 0xDBFF) {
                var next_char_code = text.charCodeAt(i+1);
                if (next_char_code >= 0xDC00 && next_char_code <= 0xDFFF) {
                    js_idx++;
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
        return js_idx;
    }

    if ('𝐚'.length === 1) {
        // If javascript fixes string indices of non-BMP characters,
        // don't keep shifting offsets to compensate for surrogate pairs
        char_idx_to_js_idx = js_idx_to_char_idx = function (idx, text) { return idx; };
    }

    // Test if a drag'n'drop event contains a file (as opposed to an HTML
    // element/text from the document)
    var dnd_contain_file = function(event) {
        // As per the HTML5 drag'n'drop spec, the dataTransfer.types should
        // contain one "Files" type if a file is being dragged
        // https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/dnd.html#dom-datatransfer-types
        if (event.dataTransfer.types) {
            for (var i = 0; i < event.dataTransfer.types.length; i++) {
                if (event.dataTransfer.types[i] == "Files") {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    };

    var throttle = function(fn, time) {
      var pending = null;

      return function () {
        if (pending) return;
        pending = setTimeout(run, time);

        return function () {
          clearTimeout(pending);
          pending = null;
        }
      }

      function run () {
        pending = null;
        fn();
      }
    }
    
    var change_favicon = function (src) {
        var link = document.createElement('link'),
            oldLink = document.getElementById('favicon');
        link.id = 'favicon';
        link.type = 'image/x-icon';
        link.rel = 'shortcut icon';
        link.href = utils.url_path_join(utils.get_body_data('baseUrl'), src);
        if (oldLink) document.head.removeChild(oldLink);
        document.head.appendChild(link);
    };

    var utils = {
        throttle: throttle,
        is_loaded: is_loaded,
        load_extension: load_extension,
        load_extensions: load_extensions,
        filter_extensions: filter_extensions,
        load_extensions_from_config: load_extensions_from_config,
        regex_split : regex_split,
        uuid : uuid,
        fixConsole : fixConsole,
        fixCarriageReturn : fixCarriageReturn,
        fixBackspace : fixBackspace,
        fixOverwrittenChars: fixOverwrittenChars,
        autoLinkUrls : autoLinkUrls,
        points_to_pixels : points_to_pixels,
        get_body_data : get_body_data,
        parse_url : parse_url,
        url_path_split : url_path_split,
        url_path_join : url_path_join,
        url_join_encode : url_join_encode,
        encode_uri_components : encode_uri_components,
        splitext : splitext,
        escape_html : escape_html,
        always_new : always_new,
        to_absolute_cursor_pos : to_absolute_cursor_pos,
        from_absolute_cursor_pos : from_absolute_cursor_pos,
        browser : browser,
        platform: platform,
        get_url_param: get_url_param,
        is_or_has : is_or_has,
        is_focused : is_focused,
        mergeopt: mergeopt,
        requireCodeMirrorMode : requireCodeMirrorMode,
        XHR_ERROR : XHR_ERROR,
        ajax : ajax,
        ajax_error_msg : ajax_error_msg,
        log_ajax_error : log_ajax_error,
        wrap_ajax_error : wrap_ajax_error,
        promising_ajax : promising_ajax,
        WrappedError: WrappedError,
        load_class: load_class,
        resolve_promises_dict: resolve_promises_dict,
        reject: reject,
        typeset: typeset,
        parse_b64_data_uri: parse_b64_data_uri,
        time: time,
        format_datetime: format_datetime,
        datetime_sort_helper: datetime_sort_helper,
        dnd_contain_file: dnd_contain_file,
        js_idx_to_char_idx: js_idx_to_char_idx,
        char_idx_to_js_idx: char_idx_to_js_idx,
        _ansispan:_ansispan,
        change_favicon: change_favicon
    };

    return utils;
}); 
